Ngwa mbụ nke ultrasound na biochemistry kwesịrị ịbụ iji ultrasound kụrie mgbidi cell iji hapụ ọdịnaya ya.Nnyocha ndị sochirinụ egosila na ultrasound dị ala nwere ike ịkwalite usoro mmeghachi omume biochemical.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ultrasonic irradiation nke mmiri mmiri na-edozi ahụ nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ algal dịkwuo elu, si otú a na-amụba protein nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a na-emepụta ugboro atọ.

N'iji ya tụnyere ike njupụta nke cavitation afụ ọdịda, ike njupụta nke ultrasonic ụda ubi e ụba site trillions nke ugboro, butere a nnukwu ịta nke ike;Sonochemical phenomena na sonoluminescence mere site elu okpomọkụ na nrụgide na-emepụta site cavitation egosipụta bụ pụrụ iche iche nke ume na ihe mgbanwe na sonochemistry.Ya mere, ultrasound na-arụ ọrụ na-arịwanye elu na mmịpụta kemịkalụ, mmepụta biodiesel, njikọ organic, microbial treatment, mmebi nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na-egbu egbu, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na mkpụrụ, arụmọrụ catalytic nke catalyst, ọgwụgwọ biodegradation, mgbochi ultrasonic ọnụ ọgụgụ na mwepụ, mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ ndụ. , mgbasa na agglomeration, na sonochemical mmeghachi omume.

1. ultrasonic enwekwukwa chemical mmeghachi omume.

Ultrasound enwekwukwa mmetụta chemical.Isi ihe na-anya ụgbọ ala bụ cavitation ultrasonic.Mkpọda nke cavitating afụ isi na-emepụta mpaghara okpomọkụ dị elu, nrụgide dị elu na mmetụta siri ike na micro jet, nke na-enye gburugburu anụ ahụ na kemịkal ọhụrụ pụrụ iche maka mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ siri ike ma ọ bụ agaghị ekwe omume nweta n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic mmeghachi omume.

Dị ka mpaghara nyocha ọhụrụ, mmeghachi omume catalytic ultrasonic adọtala mmasị karịa.Isi mmetụta nke ultrasound na mmeghachi omume catalytic bụ:

(1) Okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide dị elu na-eme ka mgbawa nke reactants n'ime radicals free na carbon divalent, na-eme ka ụdị mmeghachi omume na-arụ ọrụ karị;

(2) Shock ife na micro jet nwere desorption na ihicha mmetụta na siri ike elu (dị ka catalyst), nke nwere ike wepụ elu mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ intermediates na catalyst elu passivation oyi akwa;

(3) Ujo ife nwere ike ibibi reactant Ọdịdị

(4) chụsasịrị reactant usoro;

(5) cavitation Ultrasonic na-emebi elu igwe, na ụda ujo na-eduga na nrụrụ nke lattice metal na nhazi nke mpaghara eriri ime, nke na-eme ka ọrụ mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị mma;

6) Kwalite ihe mgbaze ka ọ banye n'ime ihe siri ike iji mepụta mmeghachi omume nke a na-akpọ nsonye;

(7) Iji meziwanye mgbasa nke onye na-emepụta ihe, a na-ejikarị ultrasonic eme ihe na nkwadebe nke ihe ọkụkụ.Ultrasonic irradiation nwere ike ime ka akụkụ elu nke ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu, mee ka ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-agbasawanye ma mee ka ọrụ catalytic dịkwuo elu.

3. Ultrasonic polymer chemistry

Ngwa nke ultrasonic positive polymer chemistry adọtala uche dị ukwuu.Ọgwụgwọ Ultrasonic nwere ike imebi macromolecules, ọkachasị polymer dị arọ dị elu.Enwere ike imebi cellulose, gelatin, roba na protein site na ọgwụgwọ ultrasonic.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ekwenyekarị na usoro mmebi ultrasonic bụ n'ihi mmetụta nke ike na nrụgide dị elu mgbe cavitation afụ na-agbawa, na akụkụ nke ọzọ nke mmebi ahụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmetụta nke okpomọkụ.N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ike ultrasound nwekwara ike ịmalite polymerization.Ike ultrasound irradiation nwere ike ibido na copolymerization nke polyvinyl mmanya na acrylonitrile iji kwadebe ngọngọ copolymers, na copolymerization nke polyvinyl acetate na polyethylene oxide na-etolite aka copolymers.

4. New chemical mmeghachi omume technology enwekwukwa site ultrasonic ubi

Nchikota nke teknụzụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ ọhụrụ na nkwalite ubi ultrasonic bụ ụzọ mmepe ọzọ nwere ike ime n'ọhịa nke kemịkalụ ultrasonic.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji mmiri mmiri dị elu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ, a na-ejikwa ubi ultrasonic mee ka mmeghachi omume catalytic sie ike.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri mmiri dị elu nwere njupụta dị ka mmiri mmiri na viscosity na diffusion coefficient dị ka gas, nke na-eme ka mgbasa ya bụrụ mmiri mmiri na ikike ịnyefe oke ya na gas.Enwere ike imezi nkwụsị nke ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche dị mma site n'iji ezigbo solubility na mgbasa ozi nke mmiri dị elu, ma ọ bụ ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na icing na achicha ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iji ubi ultrasonic mee ka ọ dị ike.The ujo ife na micro jet eme site ultrasonic cavitation nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ebuli elu supercritical mmiri igbari ụfọdụ bekee na-eduga na-akpali deactivation, na-arụ ọrụ nke desorption na ihicha, na-eme ka ihe ike na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge, ma na-egwu egwu. ọrụ nke ịkpali, nke nwere ike gbasasịa usoro mmeghachi omume, na-eme ka uka nnyefe ọnụego nke supercritical mmiri mmiri mmeghachi omume na a elu larịị.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide dị elu na mpaghara mpaghara nke ultrasonic cavitation kpụrụ ga-eme ka mgbawa nke reactants n'ime radicals n'efu ma mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmeghachi omume dịkwuo elu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke oke mmiri, mana nyocha ole na ole na nkwalite mmeghachi omume dị otú ahụ site na mpaghara ultrasonic.

5. ngwa nke ultrasonic ike dị elu na mmepụta biodiesel

Isi ihe maka nkwadebe nke biodiesel bụ catalytic transesterification nke fatty acid glyceride na methanol na mmanya ndị ọzọ nwere obere carbon.Ultrasound nwere ike n'ụzọ doro anya ike transesterification mmeghachi omume, karịsịa maka heterogeneous mmeghachi omume usoro, ọ nwere ike budata welie ngwakọta (emulsification) mmetụta na-akwalite na-apụtaghị ìhè molekụla kọntaktị mmeghachi omume, nke mere na mmeghachi omume mbụ chọrọ ka a ga-rụrụ n'okpuru elu okpomọkụ (oke nrụgide) ọnọdụ. nwere ike mechaa na ụlọ okpomọkụ (ma ọ bụ nso ụlọ okpomọkụ), na-ebelata oge mmeghachi omume.A na-eji ebili mmiri Ultrasonic eme ihe na usoro transesterification, kamakwa na nkewa nke ngwakọta mmeghachi omume.Ndị nchọpụta sitere na Mahadum Mississippi State dị na United States jiri nhazi ultrasonic na mmepụta biodiesel.Mkpụrụ nke biodiesel gafere 99% n'ime nkeji ise, ebe usoro reactor nke a na-ahụkarị were ihe karịrị otu elekere.